Detection and monitoring
In forests 1 CROSSTRAP® MINI should be placed every 20 ha, separated at least 1000 m from each other. In surfaces less than 20 ha, at least one trap should be placed per stand or forest. The traps should be placed in areas with good visibility, such as forest borders, forest trails or fire-breaks. Windy areas should be avoided,
as the wind complicates the insects’ flight and could damage the traps. A detection trap system should cover the environmental variability of the monitored forest.
As a rule, traps should be placed and active between mid-September and mid-April. These periods of time could be shorter in years with the beginning of autumn and spring being very warm.
Phenology of Tomicus piniperda
For monitoring, wet captures are recommended as they allow for the precise identification of the captures. For this purpose, fill the collection cups with 10 ml of diluted propylene glycol (10 to 20%), or with antifreeze for the car. This liquid is used for killing the captured insects as well as preserving them.
It must not be dissolved too much with the rainwater, in which case it should be replaced. It is recommended to collect the captured insects at least every 15 days.
Example of installation of traps for the DETECTION AND MONITORING of T. piniperda
in a forest area of 1500 ha. 35 traps are placed following forest trails and free-breaks with a distance of 1000 m between traps
Exhaustive monitoring
In forests
For exhaustive monitoring, the traps should be placed between 100 and 500 metres apart from each other in forest trails, fire-breaks or forest borders.
This means a density of 0.3 to 3 CROSSTRAP® MINI per ha. They can also be placed inside the forest, as long as it is not too dense.
Dry captures are recommended for exhaustive monitoring using the slippery collection cup with a stainless steel mesh on the base.
The collection cup stops the bark beetles from escaping because they cannot climb out due to the slippery product, although it allows the entrance and exit of the predator Thanasimus formicarius, which devours the captured insects.
In this way, the impact of the trap system on useful fauna is minimal.
Example of installation of traps for the EXHAUSTIVE MONITORING of T. piniperda in
a forest area of 1500 ha. 55 traps are placed following forest trails and free-breaks with a distance of 500 m between traps.
In parks, gardens and residential areas
The management of Tomicus in parks and gardens presents some peculiarities that differentiate it from management in forest environments. The biggest risk of attack in ornamental trees is caused by mechanical damage.
Work involving excavation around the trees, more or less severe, destroys the roots and often causes a weakening that facilitates the attacks by Tomicus. In general, ornamental trees are not very vulnerable to attacks by Tomicus, provided that they maintain the same conditions that they grew in.
Sometimes, placing or removing irrigation systems in garden areas can provoke attacks from these insects.
The control of Tomicus in these situations must be very effective, as it is about reducing the mortality rate of the trees to zero. Therefore, efforts should be made to intensify trapping to the maximum. This means a density of 3 CROSSTRAP® MINI per ha, that should be controlled each week.
Example of installation of traps for MONITORING Tomicus piniperda,an urban area with the presence of pine trees in publics parks (0.8 ha). 4 traps are placed
in selected areas
Necessary material
CROSSTRAPs® MINI and diffusers of kairomones ECONEX TOMICUS PINIPERDA 60 DAYS should hang on the trap using one of the lateral holes on the vanes of the trap.
ECONEX TOMICUS PINIPERDA 60 DAYS contains two diffusers of kairomonal attractant for males and females of Tomicus piniperda + 2 hangers in the form of a clip to hang the diffusers on the trap.
Diffuser A, contains 25 ml of a-Pinene with 98% purity. The release rate is 0.3 gr. per day at 20 oC.
Diffuser B, contains 100 ml of ethanol with 96% purity. The release rate is 2 gr. per day at 20 oC.
The diffusers are in a blister pack and individually packaged in an aluminium sachet with label specifications. They last 60 days in field conditions.
Once removed from the packaging, the diffusers need no activation or opening, just placed correctly in the trap.
Packaging and diffuser A
Packaging and diffuser B
ECONEX TOMICUS PINIPERDA 60 DAYS
Kairomone diffusers for the attraction of both sexes of the species Tomicus piniperda, with a duration of 60 days in normal field conditions.
Code: UIPHOVA188
OMDF register number (Ministry of Agriculture of Spain): 149/2013
ECONEX TOMICUS REPELLENT 120 DAYS
Repellent diffuser for Tomicus with a duration of 120 days.
Dt is a benzyl alcohol diffuser containing 100 ml of product. This product acts as a repellent of T. destruens. It has been shown to reduce captures of between 70% and 80% in traps baited with T. destruens attractants and with these diffusers compared to the same traps without this repellent.
Its recommended use is for the protection of individual trees at risk in parks, public or domestic gardens, as well as singular and monumental trees.
ECONEX TOMICUS REPELLENT 120 DAYS
Tomicus repellent diffuser with 120 days duration.
Code: UIPHOVA308
To optimise its efficiency, it is recommended to install a CROSSTRAP® MINI trap baited with the kairomonal attractant ECONEX TOMICUS DESTRUENS 60 DAYS, near the trees that need protecting. A minimum distance of 20 m must be kept between the trees and the trap, to ensure that the insects go to the trap and not to the trees that need protecting.
Deberá instalarse un difusor cada 4 m lineales de tronco, hasta la aparición de corteza fina. Los difusores se instalarán clavándolos en nudos u otras zonas de madera muerta del árbol.
Diagram of ECONEX TOMICUS REPELLENT 120 DAYS diffusers being installed and protecting a tree about 20 m high.
Example of installing repellents and traps to protect individual trees against Tomicus destruens in gardens. The distance between the trap and the tree with repellents is 50 m.
CROSSTRAP® MINI is a state-of-the-art forest trap. This trap has been created through an R + D project (University of Murcia – ECONEX) aimed at developing traps and attractants for forest insects.
The trap consists of a 33 cm diameter polypropylene lid with a central carabiner attached to a steel spring. Two reinforced PVC vanes are held in place by four steel springs in the lid’s upper section. They are used as elements of dynamic suspension, serving as shock absorbers against the force of the wind exerted on the trap, avoiding its breakage in the forest. The vanes are also fixed to the lower part of a 30 cm diameter polypropylene funnel.
The collection cup is fixed to the lower part of the funnel by screws.
The vanes, funnel and collection cup are treated with a slippery product that increases the amount of captures considerably, also preventing the insects from escaping.
CROSSTRAP® MINI can last up to 7 years due to its structure and highly resistant components. The unfolded trap measures 33 cm diameter x 100 cm high. Once folded, it is 33 cm diameter x 40 cm high, making its transport easier.
CROSSTRAP® MINI WITH WET COLLECTION CUP (with slider)
CROSSTRAP® MINI WITH WET COLLECTION CUP is the latest generation in cross-vane traps to help capture forest pests.
Code: UIPFETA226
OMDF register number (Ministry of Agriculture of Spain): 153/2013
CROSSTRAP® MINI WITH DRY COLLECTION CUP (with slider)
CROSSTRAP® MINI WITH DRY COLLECTION CUP is the latest generation in cross-vane traps to help capture forest pests.
Code: UIPFETA204
OMDF register number (Ministry of Agriculture of Spain): 153/2013
The trap can be used with two types of collection cup: ® WET COLLECTION CUP (with slider) 2 L for wet capturesand CROSSTRAP® DRY COLLECTION CUP (with slider) for dry use or live captures.
The CROSSTRAP® WET COLLECTION CUP (with slider) 2 L has an approximate capacity of 2 litres and with a drain in the upper section to prevent it from filling with rainwater. It measures 12,5 cm diameter x 19 cm high and is covered with a slippery product that stops the captured insects from escaping.
The CROSSTRAP® DRY COLLECTION CUP (with slider) has the same capacity and measurements as the CROSSTRAP® WET COLLECTION CUP. It is provided with a stainless steel mesh at the bottom to drain away 100% of the rainwater and ease air circulation.
CROSSTRAP® WET COLLECTION CUP (with slider) 2 L
Collection cup for wet catches, located at the bottom of CROSSTRAP® traps.
Code: UIPFETA156
CROSSTRAP® DRY COLLECTION CUP (with slider)
Collection cup for dry use, or live catches, located at the bottom of CROSSTRAP® traps.
Code: UIPFETA157
CROSSTRAP® DRY COLLECTION CUP
View from below
Factors that influence in the number of traps needed
En forests, the number of traps is determined by the area to be covered and by the network of roads, firebreaks or accessible forest edges. For exhaustive monitoring, trap densities of between 0,1 and 0,3 CROSSTRAP® MINI traps per hectare is recommended,
separated between 100 and 500 linear metres, for which we recommend the use of a GPS during installation.
In parks, gardens, recreational areas, domestic outdoor gardening or small forest areas (<5 ha), trap densities can be greatly increased up to 3 CROSSTRAP® MINI traps per hectare.
In these locations, the death of just one tree is shocking enough to intensify trapping, so that as many insects as possible are captured.
Storing the diffusers
The diffusers must be stored in their original packaging in a cool and dry place and separated from food and drinks.
To preserve the diffusers for long periods of time, it is recommended to keep them in the refrigerator at 4 o C in which case they will last for 2 years. Or they can be kept in the freezer at -20 o C for 4 years.
Diffuser packaging
ECONEX TOMICUS PINIPERDA 60 DAYS
Corrugated cardboard box of 100 units.
Box size: 0.40 x 0.60 x 0.35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 23.5 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 20
Pallet size: 0.80 x 1.20 x 1.95 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 477 kg.
Pack of 100 units
Box of 100 units.
(20 packs x 5 units)
ECONEX TOMICUS REPELLENT 120 DAYS
Corrugated cardboard box of 200 units.
Box size: 0.40 x 0.60 x 0.35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 17.5 kg.
No. of boxes por pallet: 20
Pallet size: 0.80 x 1.20 x 1.95 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 357 kg.
Pack of 100 units.
Box of 200 units.
(20 packs x 10 units)
Recommended information:
ECONEX CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR FOREST PESTS
Catalogue in PDF format with 94 pages. An essential reference book about the biological behaviours of the main forest insect populations. It also includes solutions from ECONEX to solve the problems caused by these insects through the use of traps and specific attractants.
Download the catalogue by clicking on the image.
ECONEX PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR FOREST PESTS LEAFLET
The leaflet can be downloaded in PDF format by clicking on the image.
ECONEX TOMICUS REPELLENT 120 DAYS. “Push – pull” strategy”
The leaflet can be downloaded in PDF format by clicking on the image.
ECONEX LEARNING CENTER
ECONEX puts at your disposal the first open knowledge center that brings together everything necessary to implement pest biocontrol in your crops. We have developed different types of resources to share with you the knowledge we have acquired during our more than 38 years of experience. Each of them is designed to respond, in the best possible way, to different questions related to pheromones, attractants, repellents and insect traps.
To access ECONEX LEARNING CENTER click on the image.